2024-06-21

.gitignore

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+### Ruby template
+*.gem
+*.rbc
+/.config
+/coverage/
+/InstalledFiles
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/spec/examples.txt
+/test/tmp/
+/test/version_tmp/
+/tmp/
+
+# Used by dotenv library to load environment variables.
+# .env
+
+# Ignore Byebug command history file.
+.byebug_history
+
+## Specific to RubyMotion:
+.dat*
+.repl_history
+build/
+*.bridgesupport
+build-iPhoneOS/
+build-iPhoneSimulator/
+
+## Specific to RubyMotion (use of CocoaPods):
+#
+# We recommend against adding the Pods directory to your .gitignore. However
+# you should judge for yourself, the pros and cons are mentioned at:
+# https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/using-cocoapods.html#should-i-check-the-pods-directory-into-source-control
+#
+# vendor/Pods/
+
+## Documentation cache and generated files:
+/.yardoc/
+/_yardoc/
+/doc/
+/rdoc/
+
+## Environment normalization:
+/.bundle/
+/vendor/bundle
+/lib/bundler/man/
+
+# for a library or gem, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+# intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# Gemfile.lock
+# .ruby-version
+# .ruby-gemset
+
+# unless supporting rvm < 1.11.0 or doing something fancy, ignore this:
+.rvmrc
+
+# Used by RuboCop. Remote config files pulled in from inherit_from directive.
+# .rubocop-https?--*
+

Writerside/c.list

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE categories
+        SYSTEM "https://resources.jetbrains.com/writerside/1.0/categories.dtd">
+<categories>
+    <category id="wrs" name="Writerside documentation" order="1"/>
+</categories>

Writerside/cfg/buildprofiles.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<buildprofiles xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://resources.jetbrains.com/writerside/1.0/build-profiles.xsd"
+               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+
+    <variables></variables>
+    <build-profile instance="r">
+        <variables>
+            <noindex-content>true</noindex-content>
+        </variables>
+    </build-profile>
+
+</buildprofiles>

Writerside/r.tree

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE instance-profile
+        SYSTEM "https://resources.jetbrains.com/writerside/1.0/product-profile.dtd">
+
+<instance-profile id="r"
+                 name="Ruby"
+                 start-page="starter-topic.md">
+
+    <toc-element topic="starter-topic.md"/>
+    <toc-element topic="CheetSheet.md"/>
+    <toc-element topic="rails-CheetSheet.md"/>
+</instance-profile>

Writerside/topics/CheetSheet.md

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+# Ruby Cheatsheet
+
+##### Table of Contents
+
+- [Basics](#basics)
+
+- [Vars, Constants, Arrays, Hashes & Symbols](#vars-constants-arrays-hashes--symbols)
+
+- [Methods](#methods)
+
+- [Classes](#classes)
+
+- [Modules](#modules)
+
+- [Blocks & Procs](#blocks--procs)
+
+- [Lambdas](#lambdas)
+
+- [Calculation](#calculation)
+
+- [Commenting](#commenting)
+
+- [Conditions](#conditions)
+
+- [Printing & Putting](#printing--putting)
+
+- [User Input](#user-input)
+
+- [Loops](#loops)
+
+- [Sorting & Comparing](#sorting--comparing)
+
+- [Useful Methods](#useful-methods)
+
+  ## Basics
+
+- `$ irb`: to write ruby in the terminal
+
+- don't use `'` in ruby, use `"` instead
+
+- you can replace most `{}` with `do end` and vice versa –– not true for hashes or `#{}` escapings
+
+- Best Practice: end names that produce booleans with question mark
+
+- CRUD: create, read, update, delete
+
+- `[1,2].map(&:to_i)`
+
+- `integer`: number without decimal
+
+- `float`: number with decimal
+
+- tag your variables:
+
+- - `$`: global variable
+- - `@`: instance variable
+- - `@@`: class variable
+- `1_000_000`: 1000000 –– just easier to read\*
+
+  ## Vars, Constants, Arrays, Hashes & Symbols
+
+  ```Ruby
+  my_variable = “Hello”
+  my_variable.capitalize! # ! changes the value of the var same as my_name = my_name.capitalize
+  my_variable ||= "Hi" # ||= is a conditional assignment only set the variable if it was not set before.
+  ```
+
+  ### Constants
+
+  ```Ruby
+  MY_CONSTANT = # something
+  ```
+
+  ### Arrays
+
+  ```Ruby
+  my_array = [a,b,c,d,e]
+  my_array[1] # b
+  my_array[2..-1] # c , d , e
+  multi_d = [[0,1],[0,1]]
+  [1, 2, 3] << 4 # [1, 2, 3, 4] same as [1, 2, 3].push(4)
+  ```
+
+  ### Hashes
+
+  ```Ruby
+  hash = { "key1" => "value1", "key2" => "value2" } # same as objects in JavaScript
+  hash = { key1: "value1", key2: "value2" } # the same hash using symbols instead of strings
+  my_hash = Hash.new # same as my_hash = {} – set a new key like so: pets["Stevie"] = "cat"
+  pets["key1"] # value1
+  pets["Stevie"] # cat
+  my_hash = Hash.new("default value")
+  hash.select{ |key, value| value > 3 } # selects all keys in hash that have a value greater than 3
+  hash.each_key { |k| print k, " " } # ==> key1 key2
+  hash.each_value { |v| print v } # ==> value1value2
+  my_hash.each_value { |v| print v, " " }
+  # ==> 1 2 3
+  ```
+
+  ### Symbols
+
+  ```Ruby
+  :symbol # symbol is like an ID in html. :symbol != "symbol"
+  # Symbols are often used as Hash keys or referencing method names.
+  # They can not be changed once created. They save memory (only one copy at a given time). Faster.
+  :test.to_s # converts to "test"
+  "test".to_sym # converts to :test
+  "test".intern # :test
+  # Symbols can be used like this as well:
+  my_hash = { key: "value", key2: "value" } # is equal to { :key => "value", :key2 => "value" }
+  ```
+
+  #### Functions to create Arrays
+
+  ```Ruby
+  "bla,bla".split(“,”) # takes string and returns an array (here  ["bla","bla"])
+  ```
+
+  ## Methods
+
+  **Methods**
+
+  ```Ruby
+  def greeting(hello, *names) # *names is a split argument, takes several parameters passed in an array 
+  return "#{hello}, #{names}"
+  end
+  start = greeting("Hi", "Justin", "Maria", "Herbert") # call a method by name
+  def name(variable=default)
+  ### The last line in here gets returned by default
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ## Classes
+
+  _custom objects_
+
+  ```Ruby
+  class Person # class names are rather written in PascalCase (It is similar to camelCase, but the first letter is capitalized)
+  @@count = 0
+  attr_reader :name # make it readable
+  attr_writer :name # make it writable
+  attr_accessor :name # makes it readable and writable
+  def Methodname(parameter)
+    @classVariable = parameter
+    @@count += 1
+  end
+  def self.show_classVariable
+    @classVariable
+  end
+  def Person.get_counts # is a class method
+    return @@count
+  end
+  private
+  def private_method; end # Private methods go here
+  end
+  matz = Person.new("Yukihiro")
+  matz.show_name # Yukihiro
+  ```
+
+  ### Inheritance
+
+  ```Ruby
+  class DerivedClass < BaseClass; end # if you want to end a Ruby statement without going to a new line, you can just type a semicolon.
+  class DerivedClass < Base
+  def some_method
+    super(optional args) # When you call super from inside a method, that tells Ruby to look in the superclass of the current class and find a method with the same name as the one from which super is called. If it finds it, Ruby will use the superclass' version of the method.
+      # Some stuff
+    end
+  end
+  end
+  # Any given Ruby class can have only one superclass. Use mixins if you want to incorporate data or behavior from several classes into a single class.
+  ```
+
+  ## Modules
+
+  ```Ruby
+  module ModuleName # module names are rather written in PascalCase
+  # variables in modules doesn't make much sence since modules do not change. Use constants.
+  end
+  Math::PI # using PI constant from Math module. Double colon = scope resolution operator = tells Ruby where you're looking for a specific bit of code.
+  require 'date' # to use external modules.
+  puts Date.today # 2016-03-18
+  module Action
+  def jump
+    @distance = rand(4) + 2
+    puts "I jumped forward #{@distance} feet!"
+  end
+  end
+  class Rabbit
+  include Action # Any class that includes a certain module can use those module's methods! This now is called a Mixin.
+  extend Action # extend keyword mixes a module's methods at the class level. This means that class itself can use the methods, as opposed to instances of the class.
+  attr_reader :name
+  def initialize(name)
+    @name = name
+  end
+  end
+  peter = Rabbit.new("Peter")
+  peter.jump # include
+  Rabbit.jump # extend
+  ```
+
+  ## Blocks & Procs
+
+  ### Code Blocks
+
+  _Blocks are not objects._ A block is just a bit of code between do..end or {}. It's not an object on its own, but it can be passed to methods like .each or .select.
+
+  ```Ruby
+  def yield_name(name)
+  yield("Kim") # print "My name is Kim. "
+  yield(name) # print "My name is Eric. "
+  end
+  yield_name("Eric") { |n| print "My name is #{n}. " } # My name is Kim. My name is Eric.
+  yield_name("Peter") { |n| print "My name is #{n}. " } # My name is Kim. My name is Eric. My name is Kim. My name is Peter.
+  ```
+
+  ### Proc
+
+  _Saves blocks and are objects._ A proc is a saved block we can use over and over.
+
+  ```Ruby
+  cube = Proc.new { |x| x ** 3 }
+  [1, 2, 3].collect!(&cube) # [1, 8, 27] # the & is needed to transform the Proc to a block.
+  cube.call # call procs directly
+  ```
+
+  ## Lambdas
+
+  ```Ruby
+  lambda { |param| block }
+  multiply = lambda { |x| x * 3 }
+  y = [1, 2].collect(&multiply) # 3 , 6
+  ```
+
+  Diff between procs and lambdas:
+
+- a lambda checks the number of arguments passed to it, while a proc does not (This means that a lambda will throw an error if you pass it the wrong number of arguments, whereas a proc will ignore unexpected arguments and assign nil to any that are missing.)
+
+- when a lambda returns, it passes control back to the calling method; when a proc returns, it does so immediately, without going back to the calling method.
+  So: A lambda is just like a proc, only it cares about the number of arguments it gets and it returns to its calling method rather than returning immediately.
+
+  ## Calculation
+
+- Addition (+)
+
+- Subtraction (-)
+
+- Multiplication (\*)
+
+- Division (/)
+
+- Exponentiation (\*\*)
+
+- Modulo (%)
+
+- The concatenation operator (<<)
+
+- you can do 1 += 1 –– which gives you 2 but 1++ and 1-- does not exist in ruby
+
+- `"A " << "B"` => `"A B"` but `"A " + "B"` would work as well but `"A " + 4 + " B"` not. So rather use string interpolation (`#{4}`)
+
+- `"A #{4} B"` => `"A 4 B"`
+
+  ## Commenting
+
+  ```Ruby
+  =begin
+  Bla
+  Multyline comment
+  =end
+  ```
+
+  ```Ruby
+  # single line comment
+  ```
+
+  ## Conditions
+
+  ### If
+
+  ```Ruby
+  if 1 < 2
+  puts “one smaller than two”
+  elsif 1 > 2 # *careful not to mistake with else if. In ruby you write elsif*
+  puts “elsif”
+  else
+  puts “false”
+  end
+  # or
+  puts "be printed" if true
+  puts 3 > 4 ? "if true" : "else" # else will be putted
+  ```
+
+  ### Unless
+
+  ```Ruby
+  unless false # unless checks if the statement is false (opposite to if).
+  puts “I’m here”
+  else
+  puts “not here”
+  end
+  # or
+  puts "not printed" unless true
+  ```
+
+  ### Case
+
+  ```Ruby
+  case my_var
+  when "some value"
+    ###
+  when "some other value"
+    ###
+  else
+    ###
+  end
+  # or
+  case my_var
+  when "some value" then ###
+  when "some other value" then ###
+  else ###
+  end
+  ```
+
+- `&&`: and
+
+- `||`: or
+
+- `!`: not
+
+- `(x && (y || w)) && z`: use parenthesis to combine arguments
+
+- problem = false
+
+- print "Good to go!" unless problem –– prints out because problem != true
+
+  ## Printing & Putting
+
+  ```Ruby
+  print "bla"
+  puts "test" # puts the text in a separate line
+  ```
+
+  ## String Methods
+
+  ```Ruby
+  "Hello".length # 5
+  "Hello".reverse # “olleH”
+  "Hello".upcase # “HELLO”
+  "Hello".downcase # “hello”
+  "hello".capitalize # “Hello”
+  "Hello".include? "i" # equals to false because there is no i in Hello
+  "Hello".gsub!(/e/, "o") # Hollo
+  "1".to_i # transform string to integer –– 1
+  "test".to_sym # converts to :test
+  "test".intern # :test
+  :test.to_s # converts to "test"
+  ```
+
+  ## User Input
+
+  ```Ruby
+  gets # is the Ruby equivalent to prompt in javascript (method that gets input from the user)
+  gets.chomp # removes extra line created after gets (usually used like this)
+  ```
+
+  ## Loops
+
+  ### While loop
+
+  ```Ruby
+  i = 1
+  while i < 11
+  puts i
+  i = i + 1
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### Until loop
+
+  ```Ruby
+  i = 0
+  until i == 6
+  puts i
+  i += 1
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### For loop
+
+  ```Ruby
+  for i in 1...10 # ... tells ruby to exclude the last number (here 10 if we .. only then it includes the last num)
+  puts i
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### Loop iterator
+
+  ```Ruby
+  i = 0
+  loop do
+  i += 1
+  print "I'm currently number #{i}” # a way to have ruby code in a string
+  break if i > 5
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### Next
+
+  ```Ruby
+  for i in 1..5
+  next if i % 2 == 0 # If the remainder of i / 2 is zero, we go to the next iteration of the loop.
+  print i
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### .each
+
+  ```Ruby
+  things.each do |item| # for each things in things do something while storing that things in the variable item
+  print “#{item}"
+  end
+  ```
+
+  on hashes like so:
+
+  ```Ruby
+  hashes.each do |x,y|
+  print "#{x}: #{y}"
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### .times
+
+  ```Ruby
+  10.times do
+  print “this text will appear 10 times”
+  end
+  ```
+
+  ### .upto / .downto
+
+  ```Ruby
+  10.upto(15) { |x| print x, " " } # 10 11 12 13 14 15
+  "a".upto("c") { |x| print x, " " } # a b c
+  ```
+
+  ## Sorting & Comparing
+
+  ```Ruby
+  array = [5,4,1,3,2]
+  array.sort! # = [1,2,3,4,5] – works with text and other as well.
+  "b" <=> "a" # = 1 – combined comparison operator. Returns 0 if first = second, 1 if first > second, -1 if first < second
+  array.sort! { |a, b| b <=> a } # to sort from Z to A instead of A to Z
+  ```
+
+  ## Useful Methods
+
+  ```Ruby
+  1.is_a? Integer # returns true
+  :1.is_a? Symbol # returns true
+  "1".is_a? String # returns true
+  [1,2,3].collect!() # does something to every element (overwrites original with ! mark)
+  .map() # is the same as .collect
+  1.2.floor # 1 # rounds a float (a number with a decimal) down to the nearest integer.
+  cube.call # implying that cube is a proc, call calls procs directly
+  Time.now # displays the actual time
+  ```

Writerside/topics/rails-CheetSheet.md

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+# Ruby on Rails Cheatsheet
+
+##### Table of Contents
+
+[Basics](#basics)  
+[Connect a Database](#connect-a-database)  
+[Rake](#rake)  
+[Troubleshoots](#troubleshoots)
+
+## Basics
+
+#### request/response cycle
+
+controller > route > view  
+learn request/response cycle: https://www.codecademy.com/articles/request-response-cycle-forms
+
+#### 1. Generate a new Rails app
+
+```bash
+$ rails new MySite
+# or using Postgress $ rails new myapp --database=postgresql
+$ bundle install
+$ rails server
+> http://localhost:8000 # or similar Number up and running!
+```
+
+#### 2. Generate a controller and add an action
+
+```
+$ rails generate controller Pages
+```
+
+generates a new controller named Pages
+Open: app/controllers/pages_controller.rb
+
+```Ruby
+class PagesController < ApplicationController
+  def home # add the home action/method to the pages controller
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### 3. Create a route that maps a URL to the controller action
+
+Open: config/routes.rb
+
+```Ruby
+Rails.application.routes.draw do
+  get 'welcome' => 'pages#home'
+end
+```
+
+#### 4. Create a view with HTML and CSS
+
+Open: app/views/pages/home.html.erb
+
+```html
+<!-- write some html -->
+<div class="main">
+  <div class="container">
+    <h1>Hello my name is King</h1>
+    <p>I make Rails apps.</p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+```
+
+## Connect a Database
+
+#### Example: messaging system:
+
+#### 1. Generate a new Model
+
+```
+$ rails generate model Message
+```
+
+create model named Message. With two files: model file app/models/message.rb. Represents a table in database. Migration file db/migrate/. Way to update database.  
+Open: db/migrate/*.rb –– *The name of the migration file starts with the timestamp of when it was created
+
+```Ruby
+class CreateMessages < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  def change
+    create_table :messages do |t|
+            t.text :content # add this
+      t.timestamps
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+1. The change method tells Rails what change to make to the database. Here create_table method create a new table in database for storing messages.
+
+2. t.text :content. Create text column called content in the messages tables.
+
+3. t.timestamps is a Rails command that creates two more columns in the messages table called created_at and updated_at. These columns are automatically set when a message is created and updated.  
+   Open: db/seeds.rb
+
+  ```Ruby
+  m1 = Message.create(content: "We're at the beach so you should meet us here! I make a mean sandcastle. :)")
+  m2 = Message.create(content: "Let's meet there!")
+  ```
+
+Just to have dummy messages to load with db:seed  
+in Terminal run
+
+  ```
+  $ rails db:migrate
+  $ rake db:setup
+  $ rake db:migrate
+  $ rake db:seed
+  ```
+
+updates the database with the new messages data model.  
+seeds the database with sample data from db/seeds.rb
+
+#### 2. Generate a controller and add actions
+
+  ```
+  $ rails generate controller Messages
+  ```
+
+Open: app/controllers/messages_controller.rb
+
+  ```Ruby
+  class MessagesController < ApplicationController
+  # Rails defines standard controller actions can be used to do common things such as display and modify data.
+  # index, show, new, create, edit, update, and destroy
+  # code below is optional
+  def index
+   @messages = Message.all # retrieves all messages from database and stores them in variable @messages.
+  end
+  def new
+   @message = Message.new #
+  end
+  def create
+   @message = Message.new(message_params)
+   if @message.save
+     redirect_to '/messages'
+   else
+     render 'new'
+   end
+  end
+  private
+  def message_params
+   params.require(:message).permit(:content)
+  end
+  end
+  ```
+
+#### 3. Create a route that maps a URL to the controller action
+
+Open: config/routes.rb
+
+  ```Ruby
+  Rails.application.routes.draw do
+  get 'messages' => 'messages#index'
+  get 'messages/new' => 'messages#new'
+  post 'messages' => 'messages#create'
+  end
+  ```
+
+#### 4. Create a view with HTML and CSS
+
+Open: app/views/messages/index.html.erb
+
+  ```html
+  <div class="messages">
+  <div class="container">
+   <% @messages.each do |message| %>
+   <!-- iterates through each message in @messages created in the Messages controller's index -->
+   <div class="message">
+     <p class="content"><%= message.content %></p>
+     <p class="time"><%= message.created_at %></p>
+   </div>
+   <% end %> <%= link_to 'New Message', "messages/new" %>
+   <!-- Sets a link to the creation page -->
+  </div>
+  </div>
+  ```
+
+Open: app/views/messages/new.html.erb
+
+  ```html
+  <div class="create">
+  <div class="container">
+   <!-- Create a form with a textarea field -->
+   <%= form_for(@message) do |f| %>
+   <div class="field">
+     <%= f.label :message %><br />
+     <%= f.text_area :content %>
+   </div>
+   <div class="actions"><%= f.submit "Create" %></div>
+   <% end %>
+  </div>
+  </div>
+  ```
+
+## Rake
+
+  ```bash
+  rake db:create                          # Creates the database from DATABASE_URL or config/database.yml for the current RAILS_ENV (use db:create:all to create all databa...
+  rake db:drop                            # Drops the database from DATABASE_URL or config/database.yml for the current RAILS_ENV (use db:drop:all to drop all databases in...
+  rake db:fixtures:load                   # Load fixtures into the current environment's database
+  rake db:migrate                         # Migrate the database (options: VERSION=x, VERBOSE=false, SCOPE=blog)
+  rake db:migrate:status                  # Display status of migrations
+  rake db:rollback                        # Rolls the schema back to the previous version (specify steps w/ STEP=n)
+  rake db:schema:cache:clear              # Clear a db/schema_cache.dump file
+  rake db:schema:cache:dump               # Create a db/schema_cache.dump file
+  rake db:schema:dump                     # Create a db/schema.rb file that is portable against any DB supported by AR
+  rake db:schema:load                     # Load a schema.rb file into the database
+  rake db:seed                            # Load the seed data from db/seeds.rb
+  ```
+
+## Troubleshoots
+
+4. When seeing only a blank page after running rails server:  
+   http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25951969/rails-4-2-and-vagrant-get-a-blank-page-and-nothing-in-the-logs
+
+5. Follow instructions to use postgres:  
+   https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-setup-ruby-on-rails-with-postgres

Writerside/topics/starter-topic.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Ruby
+
+```bash
+sudo apt install ruby --classic
+sudo apt install ruby-full
+sudo apt install build-essentials
+```
+
+```bash
+ruby -v
+```

Writerside/v.list

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE vars SYSTEM "https://resources.jetbrains.com/writerside/1.0/vars.dtd">
+<vars>
+    <var name="product" value="Writerside"/>
+</vars>

Writerside/writerside.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE ihp SYSTEM "https://resources.jetbrains.com/writerside/1.0/ihp.dtd">
+
+<ihp version="2.0">
+    <topics dir="topics" web-path="topics"/>
+    <images dir="images" web-path="images"/>
+    <instance src="r.tree"/>
+</ihp>